Third, the common but false assumption that a concern for one’s own welfare is a incompatible with any genuine concern for the welfare of others.ĥ. Second, the assumption that every action is done either from self-interest or from other regarding motives. The first is the confusion of selfishness with self interest. What three common place confusion does Rachels detect in the thesis of psychological egoism? The second argument says that the unselfish actions always produce a sense of satisfaction.Ĥ. The first argument rests on the basis that people never voluntarily do anything except what they want to. What are these arguments, and how does he reply to them? Rachel discusses two arguments for psychological egoism. Ethical egoism is a normative view about how men ought to act.ģ. Psychological egoism is the view that all men are selfish in everything that they do, that is that the only motive from which anyone ever acts is self interest. “No one, it is commonly believed, would have such iron strength of mind as to stand fast in doing right or keep his hands off other men’s good, when he could go to the market place and fearlessly help him to anything he wanted with the powers of a god.”Ģ.ĝistinguish between psychological and ethical egoism. A man of rouge will take advantage to the rings power. The one who given to a man of virtue and the other one is given to a man of rouge. Gyges use the power of the ring to gain entry to the Royal Palace where he seduced the Queen, murdered the King, and subsequently seized the throne.Ī question about morality has been raised after the story. The ring would make its wearer invisible and thus would enable him to go anywhere and do anything undetected. The legend of Gyges is about a shepherd who was said to have found a magic ring in a fissure opened by an earthquake. What questions about morality and are raised by the story? I believed that of these two, psychological egoism can best describe most people.ġ.Ğxplain the legend of Gyges. These two are the skeptical views suggested by Glaucon.
I have learned about psychological egoism and ethical egoism. How many arguments does psychological egoism have? For example, when we saw some one who’s dying and in pain, we should help him because the society tells us to do so.ģ. Ethical egoism, for me, means it is like a law on which how mean supposed to act. First is that people never volunteer themselves unless they want to, and with unselfishness comes self satisfaction. There are also arguments for psychological egoism. It is because we believe that what we earned is the fruit of our labor. Nowadays, there are less people who share their blessing with charities, and the like. The money that we earned is for our own pleasure. I think psychological egoism is more likely practiced in our society today. These are psychological egoism, which means men are all selfish in everything that they do and the only motive from which anyone ever acts is self interest, and Ethical egoism, which means, a normative view about how men ought to act. Glaucon also explains his skeptical views. Of course it can make us happy and it can make our life pleasurable. If we know that we can have anything that we want, surely, we will grab it.
We will do anything that is pleasurable for us. This explains that all of us are believed to have an ability to do wrong things if we are powerful. Glaucon says that no one its commonly believed that would have an iron strength of mind to stand fast in doing right or keep his hands off other men’s good when he could go to a market place and grab anything that he want with the powers of a God. He killed the king and seduced the queen. He used this opportunity to enter the Palace. The powerful ring would make the wearer invisible. It was about a shepherd who found a ring. The reading starts with this story, the legend of Gyges. Gyges use the power of the ring to gain entry to the Royal Palace where he seduced the Queen, murdered the King, and subsequently seized the throne.” “The legend of Gyges is about a shepherd who was said to have found a magic ring in a fissure opened by an earthquake. I expect to learn what is Moral skepticism.I expect to learn the definition of Egoism.
Book Review: Chapter 1- Ethical Theories- James Rachels: Egoism and Moral Scepticism
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